Neuroscience Journals

That author's affiliation: Emory University Institution (first & last author): University of Utah

Direct electrical stimulation of the human amygdala influences the specificity of what information is prioritized in memory and provides insight into how amygdala-MTL projections contribute to the dynamics of memory enhancement.

A multilevel meta-analysis of passive smartphone sensing of adolescent mental health

In this third article of a three-article series on interviews with Dr Shantanu Nundy, an advisor in the office of the Commissioner of the US FDA on AI governance and digital health policy, we explore how the oversight of generative AI (GenAI) and large language model (LLM)-enabled medical devices extends beyond the remit of any single regulator, requiring coordination among government agencies, health systems, and practicing clinicians. We also discuss practical advice for innovators seeking to engage productively with the FDA.

A major obstacle in treating glioblastoma is the remarkable resistance of glioblastoma stem cells to standard-of-care therapies such as temozolomide and irradiation. A new study now reveals that dismantling protective structures called stress granules can make these cells more susceptible to these treatment regimens by unleashing ferroptosis.

Ge, Wang, Zhao, Guo et al. report a role for stress granules in suppressing ferroptosis by sequestering ferritin upon irradiation and temozolomide treatment in glioblastoma stem cells, which may potentially be targeted for improved efficacy.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) drives stroke-induced mirror-image pain by propagating inflammatory signals through the corpus callosum, involving LPA amplification, microglial activation, and increased PGE2 production in the contralateral cortex.

Alternative interactions of GlyR α1 with PTP1B and GPR39 in somatostatin-positive interneurons of spinal dorsal horn reveal how peripheral inflammation leads to glycinergic disinhibition and mechanical pain hypersensitivity

Optimizing AI implementation for surgery: recommendations for infrastructure and deployment in the operating room

Human intracranial recordings reveal millisecond-scale visual flow from occipital cortex along parallel dorsal and ventral pathways to frontal and limbic regions, with category-specific dynamics for faces and places during novel visual processing.

A deep learning model to dynamically predict cancer-associated thromboembolism in large-scale healthcare systems

To enable progress in digital medicine and medical AI, particularly where these technologies extend beyond the usual boundaries of medical devices, new regulatory approaches are needed. In this first article of a three-part interview series with Dr Shantanu Nundy, an advisor on AI in the FDA Commissioner’s Office, we examine the agency’s newly announced TEMPO pilot. The pilot aims to create new pathways for digital health in chronic disease by linking oversight, evidence generation, and reimbursement.

Efficiency of regional networks in frontal, limbic, and sensorimotor regions show unique oscillatory patterns of reorganization. Variation in psychomotor vigilance, fatigue, and negative affect reflect dynamic changes in functional network topology.

Multi-task deep learning assists detection and diagnosis of gliomas and brain metastases

A dynamic risk prediction framework for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias with interpretability

This Review presents the formation of large extracellular vesicle (L-EV) subsets, highlighting that their contents and physiological relevance, for example, in intercellular communication, are driven by the different mechanisms underlying their biogenesis.

That author's affiliation: Argonne National Laboratory Institution (first & last author): Mayo Clinic

A human-in-the-loop explanation framework for morphologically transparent AI predictions from whole-slide images

A foundational model encodes deep phenotyping data and enables diverse downstream applications

Morphological dysconnectivity between subcortical and default mode regions is a common feature of adolescent bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia.

A human neuron model of Parkinson’s disease using α-synuclein fibrils is developed, replicating key pathology and mitochondrial gene dysregulation, and tested peptide inhibitors B36D and S62.

Development and validation of a digital biomarker for peripheral artery disease

PASTEC: an open clinical infrastructure for data aggregation and prospective validation of AI in cardiac remote monitoring

What the AI era doctor should know: a scoping review of proposed artificial intelligence competencies for medical education

That author's affiliation: Nagoya Univeristy First author institution: Nagoya University Last author institution: Nagoya Univeristy

Decomposing heterogeneity in disease progression speeds and pathways

This Perspective highlights the failures of an ageing cell in properly maintaining mRNA health at the various steps of the mRNA life cycle that result in vulnerability to disease, pointing to RNA imbalance as an emerging hallmark of cellular ageing.

NerveAI- a machine learning algorithm for detection of nerve pain in the head and neck

Hybrid vision–IMU deep learning framework with graph convolutional networks and attention for personalized yoga posture identification

Deep reinforcement learning based neurosense scheme for energy-efficient and secure wireless sensor networks

That author's affiliation: Seoul National University Institution (first & last author): Seoul National University

Bidirectional regulation of CA3 pyramidal cell excitability by two different synaptic inputs supports sequence learning by providing controlled ensemble overlap between sequential events even if they are discontinuous.

Studies in vitro of protease mixtures modeling the oral cancer microenvironment elicit trafficking and signaling of PAR2, an oral cancer pain mediator, that is dictated by the relative potencies and efficacies of the proteases to cleave the receptor

Effect of a digital health behaviour change support system on cardiovascular disease risk in a randomized weight loss trial

The Aloe Family recipe for open and specialized healthcare LLMs

That author's affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology First author institution: University Hospital Leipzig Last author institution: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Unsupervised risk factor identification across cancer types and data modalities via explainable artificial intelligence

That author's affiliation: Discovery Institute Institution (first & last author): Discovery Institute

When cells sense amino acids, they activate a kinase complex known as mTORC1 in a process that can regulate cancer metabolism and growth. Work now shows that in nutrient-limiting conditions, inflammatory cytokines aberrantly activate mTORC1 in cancer cells, thereby depriving cancer-screening CD8+ T cells of amino acids and causing their death.

That author's affiliation: University of Michigan Institution (first & last author): University of Michigan

Multi-dimensional MRI representation and privileged learning approaches to functional outcome prediction for ischemic stroke patients

That author's affiliation: Capital Normal University Institution (first & last author): Capital Normal University

Social comparison modulates effort investment by dynamically updating efficacy beliefs, which subsequently govern neural preparation and the strategic allocation of effort in goal-directed behavior.

That author's affiliation: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Institution (first & last author): Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology

Cryo-EM structures of human ATP-binding cassette transporter 7 (ABCB7) reveal a glutathione-dependent mechanism for metalloporphyrin transport across the mitochondrial inner membrane.

That author's affiliation: John F. Hardesty Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St Louis; First author institution: University of California San Diego Last author institution: California Medical Innovations Institute

Dataset documentation for responsible AI: analysis of suitability and usage for health datasets

That author's affiliation: Stanford University Institution (first & last author): Stanford University

RESPECT: a conversational AI system for informed consent with accuracy, safety, and stakeholder-centered evaluation

That author's affiliation: Khalifa University First author institution: Khalifa University of Science and Technology Last author institution: Yale University

Roadmap of remote photoplethysmography from heart rate measurement toward clinical translation

That author's affiliation: Department of Chemistry First author institution: Department of Chemistry Last author institution: Chemical Biology and Biological Chemistry

Graph neural networks can predict ketosynthase substrate specificity

That author's affiliation: National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Institution (first & last author): National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry

Combination of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness as a psychobehavioral characteristic of comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea

That author's affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Institution (first & last author): University of Pittsburgh

Caloric restriction mitigates cognitive decline and synaptic deficits in a forebrain-specific Apex1 knockout mouse, revealing a key role for DNA base-excision repair in protecting the aging brain from neurodegenerative changes.

That author's affiliation: National Institutes of Health Institution (first & last author): National Institutes of Health

Bergmann-glia-enriched human cerebellar organoids model Friedreich’s ataxia, recapitulating cerebellar histogenesis and disease phenotypes reversible by HDAC inhibition and CRISPR-based gene correction.

That author's affiliation: Columbia University Institution (first & last author): University of Texas at Austin

A transformer-based framework decomposes fMRI signals into biologically informed frequency bands, revealing frequency-specific brain connectivity patterns that improve prediction of cognitive traits and psychiatric disorders across large cohorts.

That author's affiliation: Bocconi University Institution (first & last author): Unknown

Framework for artificial intelligence implementation research in healthcare: synthesizing current evidence on barriers and facilitators

That author's affiliation: University of Bern Institution (first & last author): University of Bern

End-of-surgery prediction of postoperative infectious complications from intraoperative vital-sign dynamics

That author's affiliation: Harvard University First author institution: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Last author institution: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Hubris in the age of intelligent medicine—from clinical hierarchies to algorithmic amplification

That author's affiliation: Johns Hopkins University Institution (first & last author): Johns Hopkins University

Financial incentives increase uptake and perceived effectiveness of autonomous medical AI, yet patients still seek human reconfirmation

That author's affiliation: University of Michigan First author institution: Emory University Last author institution: Imperial College London

Reinforcement learning shows promise for guiding sequential clinical decisions, yet common data preprocessing introduces temporal misalignment that violates causal assumptions. Using sepsis management as a case study, we demonstrate that such misalignment produces inappropriate treatment recommendations in nearly half of patient states. This widespread methodological flaw affects over 80% of the literature but is obscured by inflated performance metrics. We propose a simple fix and advocate decision-centric problem formulations.

That author's affiliation: Microsoft Research, Redmond First author institution: Unknown Last author institution: Academy of Mathematics and System Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences

The authors provide a spatial transcriptomic atlas of cynomolgus monkey embryos at Carnegie stages 9 and 10 and further do comparative analyses using public human and mouse data to dissect conserved and species-specific transcriptional programs.

That author's affiliation: University of Buenos Aires First author institution: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Last author institution: Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins

Astrocytic GAT-3 blockade impairs hippocampal protein synthesis and disrupts spatial memory consolidation and expression, but not reconsolidation, revealing a mechanism by which GABA transport regulates cellular plasticity, memory function and dynamics.

That author's affiliation: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Institution (first & last author): Beijing Normal University

Genome-wide analyses of brain white matter connectome topology reveal shared genetic architecture and causal links with fluid intelligence.

That author's affiliation: University of Houston Institution (first & last author): University of Houston

The IRE1α-XBP1 arm of the UPR is upregulated in rhabdomyosarcoma and drives tumor growth, stemness, migration, and invasion, while its inhibition promotes differentiation and enhances vincristine efficacy.

That author's affiliation: National Cancer Center Research Institute First author institution: National Cancer Center Research Institute Last author institution: Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine

Comparing artificial intelligence and physician performance in predicting <i>IDH</i> mutation status in glioma

That author's affiliation: Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences First author institution: Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences Last author institution: Shenyang Pharmaceutical University

Evaluating large language models for pharmacotherapy simulations: a mixed-methods study

That author's affiliation: Arizona State University Institution (first & last author): Columbia University Irving Medical Center

A qualitative interview study investigating patient, health professional, and developer perspectives on real-world implementation of patient-centered AI systems

That author's affiliation: University of California, Berkeley First author institution: University of California, Berkeley Last author institution: New York University Abu Dhabi

Alpha-band phase coding in sensorimotor areas supports feature binding in working memory. Using MEG, the authors show binding errors arise from intermittent alpha phase instability, validating predictions of a biophysical attractor network model.

That author's affiliation: Hangzhou Dianzi University Institution (first & last author): University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

BiSpectral EEG Component Analysis reveals that resting-state cortical oscillations exhibit nonlinear resonance through quadratic phase coupling, distinct from aperiodic background activity which remains linear and Gaussian.

That author's affiliation: Harvard University Institution (first & last author): Harvard University

Effective monitoring of online AI decision-making algorithms in just-in-time adaptive interventions

That author's affiliation: Zhengzhou University Institution (first & last author): Zhengzhou University

The absence of full lifecycle risk management for AI-based medical devices in radiology

That author's affiliation: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College First author institution: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Last author institution: The Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College

Li, Huo, Zhang, Liu and colleagues report that the transcripts of genes involved in haematopoietic stem cell function share a protective mechanism against RNA decay through a non-canonical function of NAT10, independent of its N4-acetylcytidine catalytic activity.

That author's affiliation: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institution (first & last author): Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery through alleviating Schwann cell pyroptosis by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis.

That author's affiliation: NC State University Institution (first & last author): NC State University

Trigeminal itch is driven by a unique population of sensory neurons where Substance P and Somatostatin signaling recruit specialized brainstem circuits to transform histamine-evoked sensations into a distinct mix of itch and pain.

That author's affiliation: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Institution (first & last author): Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Governance for safe and responsible AI in healthcare organisations: a scoping review of frameworks

That author's affiliation: King's College London First author institution: Columbia University Irving Medical Center Last author institution: King's College London

We introduce lipid-trap mass spectrometry (LTMS), a technique to systematically identify lipid–protein interactions directly captured from live mammalian cells. By applying LTMS to proteins associated with the cell membrane during cytokinesis, we revealed that proteins bind specific lipid species, which suggests that membrane proteins function in selective lipid nanoenvironments.

We developed a rapid endoplasmic reticulum (ER) immunoprecipitation strategy to isolate ER fractions and, by using it, identified SLC33A1 as an ER transporter that exports oxidized glutathione. This finding provides insight into how the ER sets redox balance and provides a framework to define how ER metabolism is controlled and coupled to ER function in physiology and disease.

That author's affiliation: University of Haifa Institution (first & last author): University of Haifa

Oxytocin receptor activation differentially regulates synaptic plasticity and intrinsic excitability in juvenile male and female rat hippocampus, revealing sex-specific mechanisms of hippocampal function during development.

That author's affiliation: University of Southern California Institution (first & last author): University of Southern California

Time-resolved multivariate EEG decoding reveals altered spatiotemporal neural dynamics of affective semantic evaluation in depression and suicidality, identifying earlier, stronger, and more sustained representational responses during emotionally salient sentence processing.

That author's affiliation: Weill Cornell Medicine First author institution: Weill Cornell Medicine Last author institution: Thomas Jefferson University

Reinforcement learning improves LLM accuracy and reasoning in disease classification from radiology reports

That author's affiliation: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University First author institution: Zhejiang Normal University Last author institution: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Key concept learning for medical vision language model with reasoning capabilities

That author's affiliation: Johns Hopkins University First author institution: Stanford University Last author institution: Johns Hopkins University

Empowering surgeons with integrated synthetic data: solutions for mastering complex clinical scenarios

That author's affiliation: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College First author institution: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Last author institution: Xiamen University

A quantitative analysis of global AI medical studies: gaps in randomized controlled trials

That author's affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center First author institution: Zhejiang University Last author institution: Capital Medical University

Yu, Li and colleagues explore the metabolome of neurons, microglia and astrocytes under normal, ageing and Alzheimer’s disease conditions. They find enrichment of glutathione and polyamine metabolism in microglia, which decreased with ageing and in Alzheimer’s disease.

That author's affiliation: Duke University School of Medicine First author institution: Duke University School of Medicine Last author institution: Bristol Myers Squibb

Song et al. report that ATM maintains replication fork speed by counteracting chromatin-bound cGAS-induced fork slowing. They show that ATM and ATR phosphorylate MRE11 to release cGAS from chromatin in a process dependent on MRE11 nuclease activity.

That author's affiliation: University of Missouri Institution (first & last author): University of Missouri

Integration of AlphaFold3 and homologous template information enables accurate prediction of protein complex stoichiometry for uncharacterized multimers in the CASP16 experiment.

That author's affiliation: University of Oxford First author institution: University of Oxford Last author institution: Rosalind Franklin Institute

Current preclinical models fail to capture the mechanics of oligodendrocyte myelination. Lasli et al.1 now demonstrate that the mechanical compliance of the axonal niche is a key determinant of oligodendrocyte maturation. By developing a platform that mimics the extreme mechanical softness of the central nervous system, they reveal myelination as a mechanically gated process as much as a biochemically regulated one.

That author's affiliation: Seoul National University Bundang Hospital First author institution: Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Last author institution: Mayo Clinic

External validation of ECG artificial intelligence for emergency and cardiac assessment across a large-scale U.S. healthcare system

That author's affiliation: Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University First author institution: Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University Last author institution: Seoul National University College of Medicine

Deep learning-based automatic scoring of drug-induced sleep endoscopy in obstructive sleep apnea

That author's affiliation: China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) First author institution: China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Last author institution: Hubei Clinical Research Center for Whole-Course Management of Late-Life Mental Disorders

Diagnostic accuracy of digital clock drawing test for Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment

That author's affiliation: Stanford University First author institution: Johns Hopkins University Last author institution: ETH Zurich

AgentClinic: a multimodal benchmark for tool-using clinical AI agents

That author's affiliation: Gannan Normal University Institution (first & last author): Gannan Normal University

Fourier Kolmogorov-Arnold Network integrated into BioBERT-based model for Biomedical Named Entity Recognition

That author's affiliation: University of Bergen Institution (first & last author): Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Kozlova et al. report a functional role for NDRG1 in regulating R-loops and DNA repair, thereby linking cancer-associated fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix to chemotherapy responses in pancreatic cancer.

That author's affiliation: University of California, San Francisco Institution (first & last author): University of California, San Francisco

Tandukar et al. dissect the mutational, gene expression and morphological features of adult human skin melanocytes at single-cell resolution.

Somatostatin-positive interneurons exhibit peak neurite complexity during fetal and postnatal stages followed by pruning in adolescence and a peak in density during childhood, suggesting potential roles in critical periods of auditory plasticity.

That author's affiliation: Huntington's Disease Association Institution (first & last author): Roche (Switzerland)

Longitudinal assessment of chorea in Huntington’s disease using digital passive monitoring

That author's affiliation: University of Geneva Institution (first & last author): University of Geneva

Passive digital health technologies for Alzheimer’s disease screening and diagnosis: a systematic review

That author's affiliation: Second Military Medical University Institution (first & last author): Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Integrating multimodal clinical data with a large model for prostate cancer diagnosis

The deep neural networks suggest that E/I imbalance could cause face recognition challenges and weak representations of faces, suggesting it as a potential neurobiological factor of neurocognitive and social challenges in ASD.

The phosphorylation-dependent binding model of IRBIT and IP3R sheds light on understanding the mechanism of IP3/IRBIT/ IP3R interaction that exerts a significant signaling hub inside the cell.

That author's affiliation: University of Iowa First author institution: Seoul National University Last author institution: University of Iowa

Cerebellar transcriptomic analyses reveal region- and cell type–specific gene expression changes during classical fear conditioning and memory retrieval, highlighting roles of deep cerebellar nuclei neurons and Kit+ inhibitory neurons in non-motor learning.

Environmental enrichment sheds light on the reversal of ELS-induced visceral pain and depression through a prefrontal-limbic circuit involving CB1Rs.

That author's affiliation: University College London Institution (first & last author): University of Reading

Single-dose of psilocybin induces sustained antinociception in male and female mice in a model of neuropathic pain via 5-HT2A signalling and enhances gabapentin analgesia, suggesting a potential new strategy for treating neuropathic pain.

Chemogenetic activation of orbitofrontal PV interneurons disrupts default mode network connectivity and induces social and cognitive impairments, linking OFC inhibitory microcircuit dysfunction to neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Angiography-free diagnosis of retinal diseases via interpretable multi-modal learning

Exploring the limits of localization: federated model stacking improves hospital-level prediction in a national research network

CT-based AI system for quantitative and integrated management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in critical care

That author's affiliation: Cornell University Institution (first & last author): Cornell University

Trial emulation for validating the clinical efficacy of a foundational AI model in embryo selection

That author's affiliation: Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Institution (first & last author): Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

Comprehensive analysis of predictive models for disease manifestations and case fatality in systemic lupus erythematosus

Decoupling MCI-specific signatures from shared neurobiological substrates of cognitive aging via deep learning

Comparative lipidomics of milk and brain across mammals reveals conserved and human-specific fatty acid signatures that link early nutrition to neurodevelopment.

Cell-type-aware TWAS of Alzheimer’s disease dementia identifies 91 independent risk genes across six brain cell types, with proteomic support and network links connecting novel candidates to well-established AD genes.

Wearable-derived skin temperature dynamics during sleep reveal cardiovascular perfusion deficits through mechanistic modeling

ceRNA mechanism of hypoxia-induced Schwann cells-derived extracellular vesicles reveals their protective effect in peripheral nerve injury.

External and internal (via optic fiber) light pulses modulate lizard sleep states in a wavelength-dependent manner, enabling control of sleep states and highlighting potential indirect effects in optogenetic experiments.

Data-driven 3D modeling of mouse motor thalamic nuclei reveals that topography and spatial weight scaling are necessary for physiological spindle oscillations, uncovering architectural design principles of spatially organized thalamic circuits.

Deletion of the light-chain of ferritin sheds light on the role of iron homeostasis in survival and function of hair cells of the cochlea in a mouse model.

This review summarizes the emerging roles of three pivotal cell adhesion families of the central nervous system in age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting new regulatory mechanisms at mature synapses.

Differentiable centerline-aware framework for aneurysm neck delineation in volumetric angiography

DRUMBEAT is a time‑resolved, interpretable machine‑learning framework that maps cooperative residue interactions in molecular dynamics, revealing mechanisms and event ordering in protein folding and conformational transitions.

The assessment of their functional neuroanatomy in healthy older adults highlights differences between event-based and time-based prospective memory including a differential modulation in the context of performance incentives.

A pinhole-engineered differential confocal method improves resolution and optical sectioning, enabling simple super-resolution FLIM with enhanced lifetime-based multiplexing for high-resolution biological imaging.

Large language model-augmented offline reinforcement learning framework for sepsis management in critical care

Delivery of IL-1β siRNA via CD44-targeted Immunoliposomes exhibits prolonged immunomodulatory effects, by suppressing NLRP3, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and attenuating systemic inflammation at both tissue and cytokine levels.

A tripartite synaptic plasticity model indicates that astrocyte-mediated higher-order interactions stabilize recurrent neuronal circuits and enhance stimulus responsiveness.

An exploratory study of headache pain intensity using facial expressions and APEX frames

Unified multimodal learning for stroke triage: joint detection, scoring, and segmentation of acute ischemic stroke

Wearable ECG and PPG for anxiety detection: a translational digital medicine perspective

Using hyperspectral imaging and intravital microscopy, this study reveals how cyclic hypoxia impairs microvascular perfusion and tissue oxygenation.

Predicting bilingual aphasia treatment outcomes using digital twins: a double-blind randomized controlled trial