Neuroscience Journals

That author's affiliation: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institution (first & last author): Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery through alleviating Schwann cell pyroptosis by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis.

That author's affiliation: NC State University Institution (first & last author): NC State University

Trigeminal itch is driven by a unique population of sensory neurons where Substance P and Somatostatin signaling recruit specialized brainstem circuits to transform histamine-evoked sensations into a distinct mix of itch and pain.

That author's affiliation: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Institution (first & last author): Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Governance for safe and responsible AI in healthcare organisations: a scoping review of frameworks

That author's affiliation: King's College London First author institution: Columbia University Irving Medical Center Last author institution: King's College London

We introduce lipid-trap mass spectrometry (LTMS), a technique to systematically identify lipid–protein interactions directly captured from live mammalian cells. By applying LTMS to proteins associated with the cell membrane during cytokinesis, we revealed that proteins bind specific lipid species, which suggests that membrane proteins function in selective lipid nanoenvironments.

We developed a rapid endoplasmic reticulum (ER) immunoprecipitation strategy to isolate ER fractions and, by using it, identified SLC33A1 as an ER transporter that exports oxidized glutathione. This finding provides insight into how the ER sets redox balance and provides a framework to define how ER metabolism is controlled and coupled to ER function in physiology and disease.

That author's affiliation: University of Haifa Institution (first & last author): University of Haifa

Oxytocin receptor activation differentially regulates synaptic plasticity and intrinsic excitability in juvenile male and female rat hippocampus, revealing sex-specific mechanisms of hippocampal function during development.

That author's affiliation: University of Southern California Institution (first & last author): University of Southern California

Time-resolved multivariate EEG decoding reveals altered spatiotemporal neural dynamics of affective semantic evaluation in depression and suicidality, identifying earlier, stronger, and more sustained representational responses during emotionally salient sentence processing.

That author's affiliation: Weill Cornell Medicine First author institution: Weill Cornell Medicine Last author institution: Thomas Jefferson University

Reinforcement learning improves LLM accuracy and reasoning in disease classification from radiology reports

That author's affiliation: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University First author institution: Zhejiang Normal University Last author institution: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Key concept learning for medical vision language model with reasoning capabilities

That author's affiliation: Johns Hopkins University First author institution: Stanford University Last author institution: Johns Hopkins University

Empowering surgeons with integrated synthetic data: solutions for mastering complex clinical scenarios

That author's affiliation: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College First author institution: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Last author institution: Xiamen University

A quantitative analysis of global AI medical studies: gaps in randomized controlled trials

That author's affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center First author institution: Zhejiang University Last author institution: Capital Medical University

Yu, Li and colleagues explore the metabolome of neurons, microglia and astrocytes under normal, ageing and Alzheimer’s disease conditions. They find enrichment of glutathione and polyamine metabolism in microglia, which decreased with ageing and in Alzheimer’s disease.

That author's affiliation: Duke University School of Medicine First author institution: Duke University School of Medicine Last author institution: Bristol Myers Squibb

Song et al. report that ATM maintains replication fork speed by counteracting chromatin-bound cGAS-induced fork slowing. They show that ATM and ATR phosphorylate MRE11 to release cGAS from chromatin in a process dependent on MRE11 nuclease activity.

That author's affiliation: University of Missouri Institution (first & last author): University of Missouri

Integration of AlphaFold3 and homologous template information enables accurate prediction of protein complex stoichiometry for uncharacterized multimers in the CASP16 experiment.

That author's affiliation: University of Oxford First author institution: University of Oxford Last author institution: Rosalind Franklin Institute

Current preclinical models fail to capture the mechanics of oligodendrocyte myelination. Lasli et al.1 now demonstrate that the mechanical compliance of the axonal niche is a key determinant of oligodendrocyte maturation. By developing a platform that mimics the extreme mechanical softness of the central nervous system, they reveal myelination as a mechanically gated process as much as a biochemically regulated one.

That author's affiliation: Seoul National University Bundang Hospital First author institution: Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Last author institution: Mayo Clinic

External validation of ECG artificial intelligence for emergency and cardiac assessment across a large-scale U.S. healthcare system

That author's affiliation: Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University First author institution: Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University Last author institution: Seoul National University College of Medicine

Deep learning-based automatic scoring of drug-induced sleep endoscopy in obstructive sleep apnea

That author's affiliation: China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) First author institution: China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Last author institution: Hubei Clinical Research Center for Whole-Course Management of Late-Life Mental Disorders

Diagnostic accuracy of digital clock drawing test for Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment

That author's affiliation: Stanford University First author institution: Johns Hopkins University Last author institution: ETH Zurich

AgentClinic: a multimodal benchmark for tool-using clinical AI agents

That author's affiliation: Gannan Normal University Institution (first & last author): Gannan Normal University

Fourier Kolmogorov-Arnold Network integrated into BioBERT-based model for Biomedical Named Entity Recognition

That author's affiliation: University of Bergen Institution (first & last author): Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Kozlova et al. report a functional role for NDRG1 in regulating R-loops and DNA repair, thereby linking cancer-associated fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix to chemotherapy responses in pancreatic cancer.

That author's affiliation: University of California, San Francisco Institution (first & last author): University of California, San Francisco

Tandukar et al. dissect the mutational, gene expression and morphological features of adult human skin melanocytes at single-cell resolution.

Somatostatin-positive interneurons exhibit peak neurite complexity during fetal and postnatal stages followed by pruning in adolescence and a peak in density during childhood, suggesting potential roles in critical periods of auditory plasticity.

That author's affiliation: Huntington's Disease Association Institution (first & last author): Roche (Switzerland)

Longitudinal assessment of chorea in Huntington’s disease using digital passive monitoring

That author's affiliation: University of Geneva Institution (first & last author): University of Geneva

Passive digital health technologies for Alzheimer’s disease screening and diagnosis: a systematic review

That author's affiliation: Second Military Medical University Institution (first & last author): Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Integrating multimodal clinical data with a large model for prostate cancer diagnosis

The deep neural networks suggest that E/I imbalance could cause face recognition challenges and weak representations of faces, suggesting it as a potential neurobiological factor of neurocognitive and social challenges in ASD.

The phosphorylation-dependent binding model of IRBIT and IP3R sheds light on understanding the mechanism of IP3/IRBIT/ IP3R interaction that exerts a significant signaling hub inside the cell.

That author's affiliation: University of Iowa First author institution: Seoul National University Last author institution: University of Iowa

Cerebellar transcriptomic analyses reveal region- and cell type–specific gene expression changes during classical fear conditioning and memory retrieval, highlighting roles of deep cerebellar nuclei neurons and Kit+ inhibitory neurons in non-motor learning.

Environmental enrichment sheds light on the reversal of ELS-induced visceral pain and depression through a prefrontal-limbic circuit involving CB1Rs.

That author's affiliation: University College London Institution (first & last author): University of Reading

Single-dose of psilocybin induces sustained antinociception in male and female mice in a model of neuropathic pain via 5-HT2A signalling and enhances gabapentin analgesia, suggesting a potential new strategy for treating neuropathic pain.

Chemogenetic activation of orbitofrontal PV interneurons disrupts default mode network connectivity and induces social and cognitive impairments, linking OFC inhibitory microcircuit dysfunction to neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Angiography-free diagnosis of retinal diseases via interpretable multi-modal learning

Exploring the limits of localization: federated model stacking improves hospital-level prediction in a national research network

CT-based AI system for quantitative and integrated management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in critical care

That author's affiliation: Cornell University Institution (first & last author): Cornell University

Trial emulation for validating the clinical efficacy of a foundational AI model in embryo selection

That author's affiliation: Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Institution (first & last author): Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

Comprehensive analysis of predictive models for disease manifestations and case fatality in systemic lupus erythematosus

Decoupling MCI-specific signatures from shared neurobiological substrates of cognitive aging via deep learning

Comparative lipidomics of milk and brain across mammals reveals conserved and human-specific fatty acid signatures that link early nutrition to neurodevelopment.

Cell-type-aware TWAS of Alzheimer’s disease dementia identifies 91 independent risk genes across six brain cell types, with proteomic support and network links connecting novel candidates to well-established AD genes.

Wearable-derived skin temperature dynamics during sleep reveal cardiovascular perfusion deficits through mechanistic modeling

ceRNA mechanism of hypoxia-induced Schwann cells-derived extracellular vesicles reveals their protective effect in peripheral nerve injury.

External and internal (via optic fiber) light pulses modulate lizard sleep states in a wavelength-dependent manner, enabling control of sleep states and highlighting potential indirect effects in optogenetic experiments.

Data-driven 3D modeling of mouse motor thalamic nuclei reveals that topography and spatial weight scaling are necessary for physiological spindle oscillations, uncovering architectural design principles of spatially organized thalamic circuits.

Deletion of the light-chain of ferritin sheds light on the role of iron homeostasis in survival and function of hair cells of the cochlea in a mouse model.

This review summarizes the emerging roles of three pivotal cell adhesion families of the central nervous system in age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting new regulatory mechanisms at mature synapses.

Differentiable centerline-aware framework for aneurysm neck delineation in volumetric angiography

DRUMBEAT is a time‑resolved, interpretable machine‑learning framework that maps cooperative residue interactions in molecular dynamics, revealing mechanisms and event ordering in protein folding and conformational transitions.

The assessment of their functional neuroanatomy in healthy older adults highlights differences between event-based and time-based prospective memory including a differential modulation in the context of performance incentives.

A pinhole-engineered differential confocal method improves resolution and optical sectioning, enabling simple super-resolution FLIM with enhanced lifetime-based multiplexing for high-resolution biological imaging.

Large language model-augmented offline reinforcement learning framework for sepsis management in critical care

Delivery of IL-1β siRNA via CD44-targeted Immunoliposomes exhibits prolonged immunomodulatory effects, by suppressing NLRP3, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and attenuating systemic inflammation at both tissue and cytokine levels.

A tripartite synaptic plasticity model indicates that astrocyte-mediated higher-order interactions stabilize recurrent neuronal circuits and enhance stimulus responsiveness.

An exploratory study of headache pain intensity using facial expressions and APEX frames

Unified multimodal learning for stroke triage: joint detection, scoring, and segmentation of acute ischemic stroke

Wearable ECG and PPG for anxiety detection: a translational digital medicine perspective

Using hyperspectral imaging and intravital microscopy, this study reveals how cyclic hypoxia impairs microvascular perfusion and tissue oxygenation.

Predicting bilingual aphasia treatment outcomes using digital twins: a double-blind randomized controlled trial